2024, September 21: Four Nightly Planets, Moon Moves Eastward

September 21, 2024:  Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are easily visible during nighttime hours.  The moon moves eastward toward the Pleiades star cluster.

2022, August 19: Mars, the moon, and Pleiades,
Photo Caption – 2022, August 19: Mars, the moon, and Pleiades,

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by Jeffrey L. Hunt

Chicago, Illinois: Sunrise, 6:38 a.m. CDT; Sunset, 6:49 p.m. CDT.  Check local sources for sunrise and sunset times. Times are calculated by the US Naval Observatory’s MICA computer program.

Here is the planet forecast:

Morning Sky

Morning Gibbous Moon

Four Nightly Planets
Chart Caption – 2024, September 21: The moon is in the west-southwest before sunrise.

An hour before sunrise, the bright gibbous moon, 85% illuminated, is high in the west-southwest, 10° to Hamal’s upper left, Aries’ brightest star.

The moon is approaching the Pleiades star cluster, over 15° to its upper left, although moonlight washes out the bright cluster members.

Nightly Planets

Four Nightly Planets
Chart Caption – 2024, September 21: Jupiter and Mars are in the southeastern sky before sunrise.

At this time, Jupiter is the bright star high in the southeast.  It plods eastward in front of Taurus., 6.4° to Elnath’s lower right, the Bull’s northern horn. The Jovian Giant stops moving eastward and begins the illusion of retrograde on October 9th, 6.3° from Elnath.  There is no conjunction and it does not move between the horns.

After Jupiter resumes its eastward trek, it passes Elnath on May 7, 2025.  It moves between the horns eight nights later before it disappears into evening twilight.

Mars, noticeably dimmer than Jupiter, is nearly 20° to the Jovian Giant’s lower left.  It marches eastward in front of Gemini, over 14° to the right of Castor and Pollux, the Twins.

Mercury

Mercury, still west of the sun, rises 43 minutes before sunup, but it is immersed in bright morning light.

Evening Sky

Venus

Four Nightly Planets
Chart Caption – 2024, September 21: Venus is low in the west-southwest during bright evening twilight.

Venus is visible 30 minutes after nightfall through brighter evening twilight, over 5° above the west-southwest horizon.  Along with the sun, moon, and Jupiter, Venus can be seen near the horizon during brighter twilight.

While those bodies mentioned are dimmed and blurred by the atmosphere near the horizon, other celestial bodies are not visible by the air’s effects.

Saturn

Four Nightly Planets
Chart Caption – 2024, September 21: One hour after sunset, Saturn is in the east-southeast.

As Venus appears lower and the sky darkens, find it along with Saturn in the east-southeast.  The Ringed Wonder is over 15° above the horizon at one hour after sundown.

Late-Night Moon and Jupiter

Four Nightly Planets
Chart Caption – 2024, September 21: Four hours after sunset (and before midnight), the gibbous moon is in the east-northeast near the Pleiades star cluster.

The moon rises later each evening, tonight nearly two hours after sundown.  Two hours later, it is over 20° above the east-northeast horizon. The lunar orb is 3.7° to the upper right of the Pleiades, mostly washed out by the bright moonlight.  Use a binocular to see them.

Tomorrow morning, the moon occults or eclipses the brightest Pleiad, Alcyone, for sky watchers in western North America and Hawaii.

At this hour Taurus is appearing above the horizon.  The Bull’s brightest star, Aldebaran, is over 5° above the horizon.  Jupiter is at the horizon.  It is visible with a clear view in its direction.

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